LAN (Local Area Network)

Rabu, 17 Desember 2014

Wireline

Wireline The function of the network is to share its resources and to communicate electronically. • A network typically consists of two or more computers that are relate. • Computer Network works with the use of wireline cables as liaison between computers. • The cable used is a coaxial cable, twisted pair, and fiber optics. • On each computer must be equipped with interface card called with NIC (Network Interface Card) or LAN (Local Area Network) • Network cable is typically used on small areas, for example in a room and the building. • Every computer connected to the network has a MAC address or IP address (Internet Protocol) different.

Wireline Networks of Excellence • Data transmission 10 s.d. 100 Mbps, • Delay or a connection between computers quickly, • Data transmission running smoothly • Cost of affordable equipment Weakness wireline networks • The use is limited to one affordable place wires, • Time for the old installation • Requires the place and location of permanent network • Requires regular maintenance costs • It is difficult to migrate Network Wireless (Wireless) • Along with the sophistication of information technology, to build a computer network can be made possible without the use of cable (wireless). • To replace the connecting cable can be used as a wave radio (Radio Frequency), infrared light (infrared), Bluetooth, and via microwave (microwave). • mobile computer, such as notebooks and Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) is a computer that can be used on a wireless network.

The advantages and benefits of wireless networks: • Mobility Wireless -Network provide real-time access to network users anywhere while in the access limits. • Speed of Installation The process in the network installation is relatively faster and easier because it does not require cables to be installed as a liaison. • Flexibility place Wireless network or wireless is very flexible on where, in contrast to the cable network is not possible to be installed without wires. • Reduction Budget -When A transfer occurs, the budget can be reduced even though the initial investment in a wireless network is more costly than wired networks. Installation costs can be reduced because it does not require wiring and maintenance costs were cheaper. • Ability to Reach -Configure Network can be changed from a peer-to-peer for a small number of users into the network infrastructure more. In fact, can reach thousands of users that can roam with a wide range. Weakness Wireless Networks • Data transmission is only 1-2 Mbps which is much lower amount when compared to the wired network. • Transmission of data from different computers can interfere with each other. • The cost of expensive equipment. • There is a time delay or a great connection • The radio propagation problems, such as blocked, reflected, and many sources of interference. • Network capacity limitations caused by spectrum not great (frequency band can not be extended). • Data security or confidentiality of data is less reliable. • The signal is discontinuous (intermittence) caused by the presence of objects blocking the signal

Network with Modem • The modem is an electronic medium to connect computers to the Internet network. • The modem works using digital signal translates into an analog signal to be transmitted and vice versa, translating analog signals into digital signals. Based on the technology, the modem can be distinguished: • Dial-up Modem (Modem Phone) • Cable Modem • DSL Modem Dial-up Modem • Working with using a wireline network is wired telephone. • To be able to subscribe to the Internet with a dial-up models can contact your ISP (Internet Service Provider). • type dial-up modem on the market consists of an internal modem and an external modem. • The internal modem is installed on the mainboard expansion slots while the external model is mounted on a computer using a serial data cable or data cable USB. • In Indonesia, some ISPs provide services to the Internet with a dial-up modem including Telkomnet, Indosatnet, Wasantaranet, and CBNnet. • To date, the dial-up internet access. Network with Modem • The modem is an electronic medium to connect computers to the Internet network. • The modem works using digital signal translates into an analog signal to be transmitted and vice versa, translating analog signals into digital signals. Based on the technology, the modem can be distinguished: • Dial-up Modem (Modem Phone) • Cable Modem • DSL Modem Dial-up Modem Cable Modem • Cable Modem has a way of working that resembles how the Network Interface Card (NIC) or ethernet card that is installed on a computer to a Local Area Network (LAN). • The difference between how the modem with ethernet is the distance problem. Modem is not influenced by the distance despite only having a speed of 50 Kbps (kilobits per second), while the ethernet which has a speed of 10 or 100 Mbps (megabits per second) can only be within a maximum distance of approximately 1 km. Cable modem speeds ranging from 3-56 Mbps, and can work within a distance of 100 miles more. • The work process is separate from the cable modem from the cable TV signal into two signals to television and data signals are connected to the cable modem. Both signals it will not interfere with each other. Then the cable modem is connected to the network card (Network Interface Card) contained in the PC (Personal Computer). Downstream data rates (incoming signal) average ranges between 4-56 Mbps. • To be able to connect the Internet, cable television service providers to connect itself to the Internet backbone service providers greater, namely the connection OC-3 (155 Mbps) or multiple redundant OC-3. Multiple redundant OC-3 can handle the bandwidth requirements of many customers. • To be able to connect the Internet, cable television service providers to connect itself to the Internet backbone service providers greater, namely the connection OC-3 (155 Mbps) or multiple redundant OC-3. Multiple redundant OC-3 can handle the bandwidth requirements of many customers.

• Currently, DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is The main competitor of cable modems. • In terms of speed and cost is no different away with the cable modem. • Technology for a new DSL modem available is ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscribber Line). • In Indonesia, not all the areas covered by DSL technology. • ADSL telephone cable network that has been upgraded or have specific enhancement. ADSL does not require a second phone line but need a splitter to the division between the modem to the phone. • ADSL speed is not too much different from the cable modem, where the downstream speed (data entry) a maximum of 1.5 Mbps and upstream speeds (data out) ranged from 64 Kbps. ADSL technology will develop a modem with a speed of 52 Mbps, approximately 50 times better than the current one.

Excess Media Satellite

Excess Media Satellite, namely: 1. Connection anywhere. No need to LOS (Line of sigth) and there is no problem with distance, 2. Reach broad scope of national, regional and global, 3. The relatively rapid infrastructure development for large areas, compared to terrestrial, 4. Communication can be done either point to point or from one point to many points in broadcasting, multicassting, 5. Bitrate high and wide bandwidth access, 6. VSAT can be installed anywhere for entry in satellite range, 7. Reliable and can be used to connect voice, video and data, by providing a wide bandwidth, 8. If the access network to the Internet directly to the ISP / NAP router with reliability approaching 100%, 9. Very good for sparse population density areas and does not have any telecommunications infrastructure. Satellite Media deficiency, namely: 1. The amount of throughput will be limited due to the propagation delay of a geostationary satellite. Now a variety of techniques already developed link protocol that can overcome these problems. Including the use of Forward Error Correction which ensures a small probability of retransmition, 2. Time required from one point on Earth to another point through the satellite is about 700 milliseconds (latency), while leased lines only takes about 40 milliseconds. This is caused by the distance that must be taken by the data that is from the earth to the satellite and back to earth. Geostationary Satellite own altitude of about 36,000 kilometers above the Earth's surface. 3. Highly sensitive weather and high rainfall, higher frequency signals are used, the higher attenuation due to rainfall. 4. Prone lightning strike.

The development of information

The development of information and communication technologies in line with the progress of time requires increased knowledge and skills in using the technology tools. For that, we need to study and understand the technology well in order to provide more knowledge and information up to date. In the face of the development of information and communication technology, we are required to learn at an early age so that we can contribute optimally. This material is intended can provide most of the material for you to have enough stock to understand the use of information and communication technology equipment, and understand the future prospects. With this material also expected you have a horizon of thought and knowledge in general and in particular that today many are needed in everyday life. Until the current information technology is growing very rapidly along with the discovery and development of science in the field of information and communication. It is able to create tools that support the development of information technology, ranging from communication systems through a direct communication tool as well as a two-way (interactive). Basically, information technology equipment includes three main tools: A. Computer systems; B. Network Communication Systems; C. Net Tools. A. Computer Systems Computer is an electronic device that is capable of receiving, processing, and storing the data, and generates output in the form of text, images, symbols, numbers and sounds. In operation, the form, the system and its function, the computer consists of two (2) parts: hardware and software. 1. Hardware To meet the demand for the kinds of information, people always to develop the hardware to support it. To accommodate this interest, he creates a variety of tools that support these desires. Computer hardware devices can be grouped into an input device (Keyboard, Scanner), the process (including: CPU), output and storage devices (such as: monitors, and printers), and a data storage device (such as: CD-ROM, Compact Disc, floppy disk, Hard disk). Details on computer you will earn well Keyboard is a tool to enter data or commands to the CPU (Central Processing Unit). The keyboard usually consists of a series of letters and numbers. Scanner is a tool to enter data such as image / graphics and turn it into a digital form that can be processed and combined with the form data in the form of text. Central Processing Units (CPU) is tool that serves as a processor (processor) data. CPU is a series circuit that stores instruction-processing instructions, and temporary data storage. Monitor is a tool that can display text or image of the data processed in the CPU. The printer is a tool to produce a data output (output) print the form, either in the form of text and pictures / graphics. CD Rom is an additional tool (instrument peripherals) that is capable of storing and write data and programs through media Compact Disk (CD). This tool is designed to be able to write and read data or program through Optical system. Compact Disk (CD) is a storage medium made of plastic material. The process of storing and reading data using an optical system. Software is a computer program that contains a set of instructions that is made using a special language. This Program, gave orders to the computer to perform various operations / processing of the data contained in the program or the data entered by the user computer. In short the software is a 'soul' while the hardware to function as a 'body' in a computer. In general, the software can be classified into two (2) classes of system software and application software. Discussion specifically about the software you will get on another occasion. B. Network Communication Systems Communication network is a system that is able to connect and combine multiple points of communication into a single entity that is capable of interacting with one another. Telephone is a two-way communication tool that allows two or more people to talk without being limited distance. Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a specialized communication network that uses the telephone network meproses not only sound, but also able to handle data storage in the form of text, images, video, fax, and others. Facsimile is a tool that is able to send documents in exactly the same over the telephone network. Fiber optic is a communication network that is capable of transmitting data in high frequency. In this network communication paths do not use copper wire but uses light as a conductor of the data. Leased lines are fixed telephone network (permanent) that connects two or more sites. This network does not have the tools switcher (switching) or the like, this network working between places that are specifically linked or predetermined. This network is also known as private line. Wirekess is Wireless communication network. Communications network that uses radio waves / specific frequency that serves as a conductor of information. This communication network using a transmitter, amplifier, and the wave receiver that contains the data. Wireless communication network that uses satellite that serves as a transmitter, receiver and amplifier. The communication system using wave as a conductor of data The antenna is a device used to transmit and receive radio communications. TV and Radio is a means of delivering information (mass media) that uses sound waves as a conductor signals and images. Mobile communication is communication that uses radio transmission to transmit signal information, the tool is better known by the name of mobile phones. C. Net tools Various ways humans use to facilitate and maintain the quality of the connection through the internet. Since then, the tools that support the ability to network (net tools) is growing rapidly. Network system that was only used by a limited circle now very familiar even to the household level. 1) Server A computer that works as a data provider, the provider of software and data storage is server. Even a server capable of regulating the flow of information in a network that regulates. 2) Client Client is a personal computer (PC) in a communication network that has the ability to process the data and is able to ask for information to the server. 3) Router A router is a device used in a network that is able to transmit data to other networks through more quickly, accurately and efficiently. 4) Modem Modulator / Demodullator is a tool that allows PC, Mini Computer, or mainframe to receive and send data in digital form through the channel telephone.

Kamis, 04 September 2014

Disadvantages satellite system

Internet applications have been widely used by both businesses and individuals and the tendency will be the life style of a society in which to trade, send mail etc. all Internet-based entertainment. Access to the internet is still dominated by the use of terrestrial network whether it be copper or fiber optic cables.
In the face of this global era internet, satellite systems can also be developed to support the services it. Among the weaknesses possessed by the satellite system when compared to terrestrial networks, there are several unique advantages which can be utilized and a high potential to support multimedia applications such as for broadcasting and multicast.
Disadvantages satellite system
, in this case is the delay or latency, in Internet applications can be overcome by using several techniques such as TCP Extention, TCP TCP spoofing in order to get better performance.
The majority of the backbone network and access the internet using terrestrial networks, such as: copper and optical cables, the bandwidth varies from hundreds to kilobyte megabyte. Despite dominating the cable internet access, but the study of the use of mobile networks / wireless for wide-bandwidth applications also accomplished.
Among the network of mobile / wireless, GEO satellite network has a high potential of the multimedia applications with the ability to broadcast and multicast large amounts of data at very wide area so as to give the possibility of global relations. Distribution of Internet via satellite in GEO satellite in particular, provide several benefits / advantages:
Wide bandwidth: satellite operating at Ka-band frequencies (20-30 GHz) can deliver throughput will be in the order of gigabits per second.
Relatively inexpensive: a satellite system is relatively cheaper because there are no deployment costs and one satellite can cover large areas.
Network topology is simple: compared with a mesh interconnect models on the terrestrial network, GEO satellites have a simpler configuration. With a simple topology, the network performance is more easily controlled.
On the other hand, satellite communication raises a major problem for Internet applications, the latency between the earth station / terminal. For a GEO satellite communication systems, its latency of at least 250 m-sec. Sometimes it is also coupled with the framing process, queing, as well as on-board switching so that its latency can range to 400 milli-seconds. Latency is approximately 10 times higher than that of fiber-optic point-to-point. Latency is not much effect on data transfer applications or broadcasting, but very influential on interactive applications that require handshaking, and unfortunately TCP requires the interaction.
LEO and MEO satellites can also provide broadband capacity as well as global. Latency in LEO approximately two times greater than the terrestrial network. Due to the nature of satellites in LEO and MEO are not fixed to the earth it is necessary constellation to provide a global service. With this constellation raises a high level of complexity in the satellite control and network management (as required handoff, tracking and routing) compared to GEO satellites.
Internet Applications
Common Internet applications including: Web browsing, file transfer protocol (FTP), remote login (Telnet), video conferencing, e-mail, and broadcasting. The above applications have different requirements in terms of bandwidth, speed of response, tolerance to noise that would cause different performance. For example: Remote logins are very sensitive to delay. Normally the user / user expects a quick response during the login session, while videoconferencing can usually receive a packet is lost or an error due to the transmission.
Figure 1 below shows the variation of the need for bandwidth and speed of response. Because of these differences, the implementation will be very different techniques. Some applications require distribution information (using TCP and sensitive to latency). Others can use UDP or other real-time protocol that can tolerate delay so it can work well via satellite.

TCP on Network with High Delay
Currently many Internet uses TCP to its main applications. TCP performance on high-delay network Air have direct influence on the performance of Internet access that uses GEO satellites. This delay will be especially slow when transferring large files. One-way delay in GEO approximately 250-270 milliseconds, while the TCP protocol requires that the receiver must send an acknowledgment to the sender to inform that segment sent has been received and waiting for the next segment. So for the delivery of the required segment approximately 500-540 milliseconds, the value of this will be a very slow process of data transmission.
If we have a T1 link (1.544 Mbps) and transmits each segment 64 KB TCP window, it will take 339 milliseconds to transmit segment. Receiver will receive a segment after 270 milliseconds and the sender will receive an acknowledgment after the next 270 milliseconds, so it takes 879 milliseconds to transmit a complete segment.
The following will be delivered performance issues that are important in the use of TCP.
window Size
TCP flow-control stems from the concept of "Window Size" .. Currently the maximum TCP Window Size is 64 Kb. In the high-delay network will air many packages that can not be acknowledge. To maximize utilization of the bandwidth in satellite networks, TCP requires a larger window size. For example, a satellite link with the round-trip delay of 0.8 seconds and a bandwidth of 1.54 Mbps then theoretically optimal window size is 154 kb (Far above the existing standard is 64 Kb).
A TCP-Extention, known as TCP-LW (Large-Window), is defined to widen the window size from 216 to 232 thereby allowing utilizes the bandwidth optimally and to obtain better performance through a satellite link.
Bandwidth adaptation
TCP is able to adapt to network bandwidth by performing his set window size. Adaptation speed is directly proportional to the latency. In satellite networks, adaptation requires a longer time and as a result the TCP congestion control becomes ineffective.
slow Start
Slow Start was introduced in 1988 by Jacobson and declared as one of the requirements in 1989 Slow start is used to gradually increase the data rate to the network. It starts by sending a single segment and wait for an acknowledgment from the receiver. For each acknowledgment received by the sender, the two segments will be sent to the network, in order to obtain an exponential increase in data transmission. Slow start stops when the window is reached or detect a loss of data.
Due to the time it takes a slow start to reach the available bandwidth is a function of round-trip time, the satellite links are very sensitive to the limitations of available throughput during slow start.
On one side of a slow start before obtained congesti prevent bandwidth availability assessment, on the other TCP bandwidth utilization becomes not optimal for its assessment process. So that the shorter ends of TCP slow start, the better the achieved performance.
Approaches for Improved Performance
There have been many techniques developed to reduce the effects of latency. The first alternative is to adopt a version of TCP that provides good performance in satellite and through terrestrial does not reduce performance. The second approach is to rely on satellite gateways to perform specific functions in accelerating TCP session. While the third approach is to develop a better implementation on general applications use TCP to obtain a more efficient and more sensitive. Here are some alternatives to increase TCP performance.
TCP Extention
Some of the problems that exist in the current GEO satellite system will appear also in the high-speed terrestrial network fiber future. Issues such as the width of the window size, slow-start period is longer, and inefficient bandwidth adaptation will affect both the network. Various techniques have been mentioned above, such as TCP-LW can be used.
middleware
Performance improvement in some things can be done by working directly on the level of infrastructure without the need to make modifications to its TCP, which is known as the middleware layer. If you make modifications to the TCP required changes to the operating system of each end host, while this technique is only necessary to change a little or even without any changes. There are two types of middleware, namely:
Split TCP
The idea is to split the Split TCP connection end-to-end TCP into two or three segments. Each segment is a complete TCP connection. Forwards the data flow from one segment to another segment (if necessary buffering). If the TCP Split performed on the satellite link, the middle segment bridging the satellite link, while the other segment connecting the routers that connect the internet terrestrial and satellite links to the endpoints.

This separation is able to isolate the impact of long latency. If the first and the last TCP segment is a network with low latency, then the TCP slow-start can be accelerated so that the window can be applied to normal size and works well. However the middle segment (satellite link) require special treatment such as widening the window size. This technique requires only minor changes to the software.
TCP Spoofing
In this technique, intermediate gateway (typically using a satellite link) considers receives TCP segment is in good condition without the need to wait for an acknowledgment from the receiver. This gives the illusion of a network with low latency at the sender so that the TCP slow start phase can be accelerated, as shown in Figure 3 Intermediate buffer gateway TCP segment. When the acknowledgment is actually received by the gateway, the gateway will be removed by the acknowledgment in order to prevent a double in the sender side. If acknowledgment is not accepted and the gateway also experience time-out, then it will be done from the retransmit buffer. As Split TCP, TCP spoofing to break the concept of semantic end-to-end TCP because the sender thinks that a segment has arrived at the destination when in fact it is still on the way. These techniques can be accepted by many applications such as WWW browsing through a proxy, but will cause problems if an application built using end-to-end semantics.
Potential Use of Satellite
Network used by companies essentially asymmetric in other words most of the time data flows in one direction and slightly in the opposite direction. For example: software distribution to remote areas, sending financial data to the central office, distribution of multimedia files etc.. For these types of applications over satellite provides an alternative solution. It also assures that communications to the unreached areas of terrestrial telecommunications infrastructure. Broadcast satellite communications can offer a channel for data communication that is economical and efficient. In a simple broadcast technology enables the delivery of information to customers at the same time. But in some cases, the information is not disseminated to all the customers, but only to some customers. So the operator must be able to disseminate information selectively to the purpose.
Satellites in GEO are very suitable as a medium MBONE (Virtual network via the Internet for multicast applications). Currently for terrestrial use MBone, the data must go through the links in huge quantities and replicate itself on routers that very much. (See Figure 4 below). This takes up substantial bandwidth and increase the likelihood of congestion at each router along the path.

On the other hand, can be multicast via satellite delivers the data directly to end-users or hosts with minimal cost. Figure 5 below shows the MBONE using a satellite connection.

Satellite network promises a new era in global relations, but also offers a new challenge to the common applications via the Internet. Various internet service or application can be applied to the satellite network such as: videoteleconferencing, MBone multicast, the bulk of data trasfer, electronic mail, as well as the dissemination of information that is non-real-time. But some interactive applications are very disturbed because the standard TCP inefficiencies that exist today on the links with high latency. However the performance can be improved by applying techniques as described above though needed deeper study their effects on the overall Internet network.

Type connection

Type connection to the internet without wires (wireless)
1. GPRS (High Speed Internet Access-GPRS)
Of course you know the phone (HP) is not it? The need for mobile communication industry will be one of the causes of GPRS data communications technology that is widely used today. GPRS stands for General Packet Radio Service which voice and data communications are performed using radio waves. GPRS has the ability to communicate data and voice at the time of mobile communication devices (mobile).
GPRS system can be used for data transfer (in the form of data packets) that are associated with e-mail, image data (MMS), and search (browse) the Internet. GPRS service is installed on your phone type GSM and IS-136, although the current GPRS network apart from GSM.
In theory, GPRS promises speeds ranging from 56 kbps to 115 kbps, allowing internet access, multimedia data delivery to computers, notebooks and handheld computers. However, in its implementation, it depends on the following factors:
Configuration and allocation of time slots at the level of BTS
Software used
Support mobile phone features and applications that are used
This explains why at certain times and in certain locations GPRS access is slow, even slower than the speed of access to CSD which has 9.6 kbps.
2. 3G (3G-Speed Internet Access)
3G (read: triji) is an abbreviation of the term in English: third-generation technology. The term is generally used refers to the development of wireless telephone technology (wireless).
3G as a wireless solution that can provide access speed:
Amounted to 144 Kbps for fast-moving conditions (mobile).
Of 384 Kbps for running conditions (pedestrian).
Of 2 Mbps for static conditions somewhere.
3G network is not an upgrade from 2G; 2G operators affiliated with 3GPP need to replace a lot of components to be able to provide 3G services. While 2G operators affiliated with 3GPP2 technologies easier to upgrade to 3G because of its wide range of network elements in the direction it was designed for broadband wireless services (wireless broadband). Telecom mobile phone network has increased towards the use of 3G services from 1999 to 2010 Japan was the first country to introduce 3G nationwide and transition to 3G in Japan has been achieved in 2006 after the Korean became the first adopters of 3G networks and the transition has been achieved in the early in 2004, lead the world in the field of telecommunications.
3. Wifi (speed Internet access-WiFi)
Have you ever seen a wireless communication connection? The technology known as wirelless Fidelity (WiFi). Wireless network technology uses high frequency is at 2.4 GHz spectrum. Wi-Fi has a standard set of terms that are used for Wireless Local Networks (Wireless Local Area Networks - WLANs) based on IEEE 802.11 specification. The latest standard of 802.11a or b specifications, such as 802.16 g, is currently in preparation, the latest specification offers many improvements ranging from broad coverage even further up the transfer speed.
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a wireless connection such as mobile phones using radio technology, so users can transfer data quickly and safely. Wi-Fi not only can be used for internet access, Wi-Fi can also be used to create a wireless network in the company. Because of that many people associate with the Wi-Fi "Freedom" because of Wi-Fi technology gives freedom to users to access the internet or transfer data from the meeting room, hotel room, campus, and the café is marked "Wi-Fi Hot Spot". Also one of the advantages of Wi-Fi is practicality, not to bother installing network cable. For the problem of speed depending on the signals obtained.

several types of connections

several types of connections to the internet, either using a cable (wire) or cordless (wireless). This is supported by the development of information and communication technology today allows us to connect our computers to the Internet through a variety of ways, as for the types of connections as follows:
Type of connection to the internet with cable
1. Dial-Up (Speed-Dial Up Internet access via the PSTN Line)
Is already installed in your home phone line? Telephone network has been penetrated by wide. If we have a computer already and then we can connect to the Internet. How to connect your computer to the Internet using a regular phone cable or more commonly referred to as dial up. Dial-up via the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) is the way we. connected to the ISP (Internet Service Provider) through the regular telephone network (PSTN) example is "Instant Telkomnet" Telkom ISP.
Dial-up Connection is generally used by individuals who want to access the Internet from home. Computers are used for dial-up in general is a single computer (not the computer network). Speed Internet access using a dial-up can reach maximum speed of 56 kilo bytes persecond (kbps).
2. ADSL (speed Internet access-ADSL)
ADSL (Asymetric Digital Subscriber Line) is a modem technology that works at a frequency between 34 kHz to 1104 kHz. This is the main cause of the difference in the speed of data transfer between an ADSL modem with a conventional modem (which works at frequencies below 4 kHz). The advantage of ADSL is to provide high-speed internet access capability and voice / fax simultaneously (on the customer side by using a splitter to separate the telephone line and a modem line).
What is the maximum bandwidth is obtained when we use the Internet access using ADSL: For line rate of 384 kbps, the maximum bandwidth is obtained close to 337 kbps, 384 kbps to line rate, average throughput (download speed) can be obtained approximately 40 Kb / s, to the line rate of 512 kbps, which is obtained close to the maximum bandwidth of 450 kbps. For a 512 kbps line rate, average throughput (download speed) that can be obtained is about 52 Kb / s.
3.LAN (High Speed Internet Access-LAN)
One way to connect to the internet is to connect your computer to a computer network that is connected to the internet. This method is widely used in corporate, college campuses, and the cafe-cafe. A computer that is used as a server (computer services) connected to the internet. Other computers on the network are then connected to the server. Usually a computer acting as a server connected to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) over a telephone line or via an antenna. While the computer to connect to the server computer is done by using a LAN card (LAN card) and coaxial cable (UTP).
Commonly abbreviated Local Area Network LAN is a computer network that covers only a small area network. Currently, most LANs based on the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet technology using a switch device, which has a data transfer speed of 10, 100, or 1000 Mbit / s. In addition to Ethernet, the current technology 802.11b (or so-called Wi-Fi) is also often used to form a LAN.
4 Cable TV (Speed Internet Access)
Have you ever heard of the TV / cable TV? TV broadcasts often to offering cable TV sets. Cable TV networks to connect computers to the Internet has been widely used. Cable television is considered suitable especially for the internet user of the family (household). Excess accessing the internet using a cable TV network can access the internet at any time and free of distractions busy phone.
The cable TV network can be used to connect to the internet with a maximum speed of 27 Mbps downstream (download speed to the user) and 2.5 Mbps upstream (from the user upload speed). In order to use the cable modem, the computer must be equipped with an Ethernet card (Ethernet card).
In the home network, the cable from "cable TV" using coaxial cable and installed a "dividing line" (splitter) cable. After the cable from the network (network cable) pass splitter, cable channeled into two channels, one for TV and one to the cable modem. Of a new cable modem to the ethernet card and then to the computer.

BaseStation Clone

Wireless technology is good for connecting between distant areas. However, this technologically has weaknesses, especially in terms of security. Generally, the disorder is often encountered in WiFi technology include:
1) Insertion Attacks, which can attack the network by inserting something without permission.
2) interception and monitoring of wireless traffic, such as messaging / data by broadcasting (broadcasting) into the network. Disruption of this model are generally known by various terms such as, Wireless Sniffer, Hijacking The Session, Broadcast Monitoring, arpspoof Monitoring and hijacking, and BaseStation Clone (Evil Twin) .f
3) Misconfiguration, which can be caused by a misunderstanding of the user, or the unavailability of network blueprints. It could also be due to a physical disability hardware.
4) Client to Client Attacks, by utilizing the filesharing service or use TCP / IP.
5) Denial of Service (DoS) in the form of sending the file as a virus that can record user activities to obtain data (Hybrid Threats).
6) interference resulting network can not be used. This is because the WiFi uses the 2.4 GHz frequency that does not require a license from the government and WiFi access points can be bought freely. Naturally, if the interference is possible because of the nature of the network is free.