BTS stands for Base Transceiver Station. This includes new terminology and became popular in the current era of mobile boom. BTS serves to bridge the communication device users with the network to other networks. One beam coverage base stations can be called a Cell. Modern cellular communication is communication that supports high mobility. Of some BTS then controlled by the Base Station Controller (BSC) which is connected to a microwave or fiber optic connections. Though the term BTS can be applied to any wireless communication standard, usually and commonly associated with mobile communication technologies such as GSM and CDMA. In this case, the base stations are part of the base station subsystem (BSS) developments for system management. It may also have equipment for encrypting and decrypting communications, spectrum filtering tools (band pass filter), etc. The antenna can also be considered as components of BTS in general sense as they facilitate the functioning of BTS. Usually BTS will have several transceivers (TRXs) which allow it to serve several different frequencies and different sectors of the cell (in the case of BTS sectorised). A BTS is controlled by a parent base station controller via the base station control function (BCF). BCF is implemented as a discrete unit or even incorporated in a TRX in compact base stations. The BCF provides operations and maintenance (O & M) connection to the network management system (NMS), and manages operational states of each TRX, as well as software handling and alarm collection. The basic structure and functions of the BTS remains the same regardless of the wireless technology.
2 Topology BTS
Base stations and mobile phones are equally called transceiver (BTS extension = Base Transceiver Station) because it is equally able to send information and receive information. At the time of sending information to mobile phone base stations, at the same phone can also send information to the base stations together properly when we chatted by phone we can talk simultaneously. In topology BTS serves to provide the network (interfaces) in the form of electromagnetic waves of radio signals for users in this case is the mobile phone, modem, fax, etc.. Frequency allocation has been followed by the government to each operator, there are in bands 450Mhz, 800Mhz, 900MHz, 1800 MHz and above that frequency. Communication from the BTS to the user is called the downlink, while the frequency bands that are used to send information from the user to the called BTS uplink
There are causes which made downlink frequency is higher than the uplink frequency, this corresponds to the power problem that must be provided by the user in this case is the mobile phone battery. In science the higher frequency of the disturbance (noise) will be greater, so that a greater power is required so that the quality is guaranteed. If the uplink frequency using a high-frequency mobile phone battery then the consequences could be more wasteful and quickly exhausted. The farther BTS mobile phone users to also affect the power requirement distance relationship is inversely proportional to the quality of the signal, the closer the distance the better the quality. Conversely the further distance diminishing its quality. The effect is what? if the quality of the signal received by the mobile phone base stations are declining, mobile phone base stations will be instructed to increase the transmission power, of course, would quickly run out of battery usage.
3 Component BTS
1) Tower Tower is a tower made of iron or pipe circuit either rectangular or triangular, or just a long pipe (stick), which aims to put the antenna and the radio wave transmitters and receivers of telecommunications and information. Tower BTS (Base Transceiver System) as a means of communication and informatics, in contrast with the tower SUTET (Air Line Extra High Voltage) Electric PLN in terms of construction, as well as the risk borne by the population below. BTS tower communication and informatics has a high degree of safety to humans and the creatures living on the bottom, because it has a very small radiation so it is safe for people under or around it.
1) Tower with 4 legs, or large tower pipe (pipe diameter of 30 cm and above)
Tower with 4 legs is very rarely found collapsed, because it has the power poles and has considered construction. This type is expensive (650 million to 1 billion dollars), but strong and able to accommodate a lot of antenna and radio. Tower type is widely used by business firms bona fide communication and informatics. (Indosat, Telkom, XL, etc.).
2) Tower triangle which affirmed the stake rope.
Tower Triangle is advisable to wear an iron with a diameter of 2 cm and over. Several occurrences of this type of tower collapse due to wear iron with a diameter below 2 cm. The maximum height of tower type recommended is 60 meters. The average height is 40 meters. This type of tower composed of several stages (pieces). 1 stage there were 4 meters, but there are 5 meters. The shorter the stage the more sturdy, but the higher cost of manufacture, because each stage requires a rope stakes / spanner. Distance peg spanner with a tower of at least 8 meters. The longer the better, because it binds more robust, so that the amplifier cords are not more tapered at the top of the tower.
3) The iron pipe is reinforced with rope stake
The third type of tower is more likely to be used personally. Height of tower pipe is strongly recommended not to exceed 20 meters (more than it would be curved). Technical gains with a spanner. The strength of the pipe was resting on the spanner. Although still able to receive the signal connection, but the tower is not the type of receiver signal direkomedasi for informatics (internet and intranet) are stable, because the type is easily swayed and would disrupt the system data connections, so the computer will search for continuous data (searching). This tower can be built in the area close to the center of the transmission / NOC = Network Operation Systems (maximum 2 km), and do not have strong winds, as well as actually projected in the framework of emergency expenses. From the facts that appear in the various regions, where Tower has resistance / repulsion of the people, which caused health issues (radiation, anemia, etc.), safety issues to issues of social equity. It should need to be disseminated to the public that the first concern (health threats) is not proven. Verge much radiation tolerance limits set by WHO. Lowest BTS tower (40 meters) has a radiation 1 watt / m 2 (for aircraft with a frequency of 800 MHz) s / d 2 watts / m 2 (for aircraft 1800 MHz). While the standards issued by the WHO maximum tolerable radiation is 4.5 (800 MHz) s / d 9 watts / m 2 (1800 MHz). While the radiation from radio informatics / internet (2.4 GHz) is only about 3 watts / m 2 alone. Still very far from the WHO threshold of 9 watts / m 2. This radiation is weaker when the tower higher. Average cell tower built in Indonesia has a height of 70 meters. Thus the radiation is much smaller. As to the issue of life-threatening (eg, the collapse of the tower), can be overcome by the application of standard materials, and proper construction, and maintenance pewajiban each year. Components in the tower base stations:
Sectoral Antenna
The antenna is defined as a structure that serves as a release of electromagnetic wave energy in the air and also as a receiver / catcher electromagnetic wave energy in the air. Because an intermediary device between the transmission line and the air, the antenna must have the appropriate properties (match) with pencatu channel. The antenna is a device used to convert electrical signals into an electromagnetic signal and to radiate. Sectoral antenna is an antenna that transmits and receives signals in accordance with the angle of the transmit sector. The antenna used is a 3-sector antenna with a combination of Distributed Control System.
The lightning rod is a kind of circuit lines functioned as a way for the lightning to the earth's surface, without damaging the objects in its path.
lights
The lights are devices that can convert electrical energy into light energy. Lamps used for lighting around the neighborhood BTS
2) Shelter
BTS Shelter is a place that there are telecommunication devices. For location, usually will not be much of a Tower or Tower because of the dependence of a function between them, namely shelter and BTS Tower.
Components in the shelter:
At one shelter there are RBS and RBS 2G 3G, 1 RBS there are 6 and 1 TRU TRU 2 TRx there. TRx is a device that transmits and receives communication signals from / to the device mobile. TRx device consists of Transmitter and Receiver
transmission
Device used to regulate traffic on the slot BTS. connecting of TRx to boia is Processor BTS (Base band with the same shape, but has a connecting port for maintenance)
rectifier
Rectifier as a rectifier voltage of the AC voltage coming from PLN converted into DC voltage for consumption of other devices. There are 2 modules, each module supplies 30 Amperes, voltage used in the base stations is -48 Vdc
AC (Air Conditioner)
AC is a component / equipment used to regulate the temperature, circulation, humidity and air cleanliness in the room
PDB (Power Distribution Board)
Be a box containing MCB / power switches for each device
lights
For members lighting around the BTS.
Power Distribution Box
Ground
conclusion
Cellular technology is Wireless telecommunications system (without cable) that uses radio waves as its carrier signal with a hexagon-shaped cells, where the technology is on the BTS (Base Transceiver Station), the main component is that of the BTS tower and shelter where the two parts of the also has many components. In addition, BTS has different specifications and capacities in terms of the use of components and power he uses and we have tried to analyze the BTS, as explained above
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