Setting and Clas TCP / IP

Setting and Clas TCP / IP

TCP / IP protocol


Because an important role in the Windows operating system and also because the protocol TCP / IP is the protocol options (default) from Windows. TCP protocol is in the Transport layer of the OSI model (Open Systems Interconnection), while the IP is at the Network layer of the OSI mode


IP Address


IP address is the address given on computer networks and network equipment that uses TCP / IP. IP addresses consist of 32-bit binary numbers that can be written as four decimal numbers separated by dots such as 192.168.0.1.


Network ID Host ID


IP addresses consist of two parts: network ID and host ID, which the network ID to determine the network address of the computer, while the host ID to determine the host address (computers, routers, switches). Therefore the IP address provides the full address of the host and network address where the host is located.


IP Address Classes


Class Network ID Host ID Default Subnet Mask


A xxx.0.0.1 s / d xxx.255.255.254 - defaul subnet mask: 255.0.0.0

B xxx.xxx.0.1 s / d xxx.xxx.255.254 - defaul subnet mask: 255.255.0.0

C xxx.xxx.xxx.1 s / d xxx.xxx.xxx.254 - defaul subnet mask: 255.255.255.0


IP addresses are given for the class A network with a very large number of hosts. IP Range 1.xxx.xxx.xxx. - 126.xxx.xxx.xxx, there were 16,777,214 (16 million), an IP address in each class A. IP addresses are given for the class A network with a very large number of hosts. In class A IP address, network ID is the 8 bit first, while the host ID is 24 bits next.


Thus, how to read the IP address class A, for example 113.46.5.6 is:

Network ID = 113

Host ID = 46.5.6

So the above means the host IP address on network 46.5.6 number number 113.


Class B IP address is usually allocated for medium and large sized networks. In class B IP address, network ID is 16 bits first, while the host ID is 16 bits next.


Thus, how to read a class B IP address, for example 132.92.121.1

Network ID = 132.92

Host ID = 121.1


So the IP address above means the host number 121.1 on the network number 132.92. with host ID 16 bits long, the network with the IP address class B can accommodate about 65,000 hosts. IP Range 128.0.xxx.xxx - 191.255.xxx.xxx


Class C IP address originally used for small networks (LAN). Host ID is 8 bits last. With this configuration, can be formed about 2 million networks with each network has 256 IP addresses. IP Range 192.0.0.xxx - 223.255.255.x.


The allocation of IP address is basically the process of selecting the network id and host ID is right for a network. Whether or not this exact configuration depends on the objectives to be achieved, namely to allocate IP addresses as efficiently as possible.


Domain Name System (DNS)


Domain Name System (DNS) is a system that allows the name of a host on a computer network or the Internet are translated into IP addresses. In giving the name, the DNS uses a hierarchy architecture.


1. Root-level domains: is the top level is displayed as a dot (.).

2. Top level domains: code category or state organizations such as:. Com for use by the company;. Edu for use by the college;. Gov for use by government agencies. In addition, to distinguish the use of name by a country with other countries to use such marks. Id to Indonesia or. Au for Australia.

3. Second level domain: the name for the organization or company, for example: microsoft.com, yahoo.com, etc..


DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)


IP address and subnet mask can be provided automatically using Dynamic Host

Configuration Protocol, or entered manually. DHCP function to provide IP addresses automatically on computers that use TCP / IP protocols. DHCP works with the client-server relationship, where the DHCP server provides a group of IP addresses that can be given to the DHCP client. In providing this IP address, DHCP IP address only lend it. So giving the IP address takes place dynamically.


Network Topology is the physical description of the pattern of relationships between network components, including servers, workstations, hubs and pengkabelannnya. There are three kinds of commonly used network topology, the Bus, Star and Ring.